宁波大学2018翻硕真题参考答案
词汇互译
1. 脸部识别技术
face recognition technology
2. 美国总统对中国的国事访问
US President to make a state visit to China
3. 供给侧改革
supply side reform
4. 国民经济和社会发展第十三个五年规划
the 13th five year plan for national economic and social development
5. 激发创新活力
stimulate innovation vitality
6. 社会主义核心价值观
core socialist values
7. 不忘初心
never forget why you started
8. 房地产市场
real estate market
9. 经济全球化
economic globalization
10. 软实力
soft power
11. translation process
翻译过程
12. functional equivalence
功能对等
13. source language
源语言
14. communicative translation
交际翻译
15. target text
译文
16. domestication
归化
17. informative text type
信息型文本
18. literary translation
文学翻译
19. translator’s subjectivity
译者主体性
20. the invisibility of the translator
译者的隐身
篇章翻译英译汉
真题：
Middle-aged, unemployed, single and my money spent, I’m an utter failure in comparison to many of my college peers.
I graduated from an elite university in the 1980s. My class of approximately 1550 has generated a Nobel Prize winner, a Pulitzer Prize winner, a World Bank chief, a few ambassadors, at least one current governor and several mayors. I know former classmates who are university presidents, college professors, CEOs and so on.
What a load of over-achievers!
Meanwhile, the rest of us remain uncelebrated, absent from the public eye, not courted by private bankers, nosy paparazzi (狗仔队), respected charities, luxury real estate agents or art auction houses.
Post-graduate achievement is usually measured in degrees earned and awarded, class rankings, corporate titles, magazine covers and social media popularity, and money made. At elite institutions’ alumni gatherings, the bar for storytelling is set high, with summary biographies of our most luminous graduates shared in hushed murmurs. How can we compare ourselves to our peer’s stupendously visible achievements and not think ourselves failures.
In the 1800s, Danish philosopher Soren Kierkegaard (克尔凯郭尔) addressed the same question with his own story: “The Lily in the Field and the Bird of the Air”. In it, Kierkegaard describes a little bird that loves to gossip to its friend the lily. The bird, he writes, has a bad habit of saying “all sorts of things, true and untrue, about other places where lilies far more splendid were found in great abundance”. The listening lily, in turn, becomes troubled. Seeing its own unsplendid existence in comparison to the bird’s fantastic tales of other and better lilies, the lily begins to doubt whether it deserves to call itself a lily at all.
In the distress of comparison, the troubled person may go at last so far that in view of the difference he forgets that he is a man. In despair, he conceives himself so different from other men, that he even conceives he is different from what is meant by being a man, just as the lily was so inconspicuous that it was questionable if it was really a lily.
In other words, it’s not just painful to doubt. To measure success in any way but from the inside is to rock the foundations of your identity.
Most of us are already busy enough trying to get by. We are busy with the practical tasks of everyday living, doing and redoing, learning and changing, and sometimes staying the course. We might compare our performance on an examination, or a recent grant proposal; but to compare ourselves against others in the totality of being a successful adult is odious and futile.
Many of us are not the kind of successful that’s easy to see. Many of us who have enjoyed financial success were extremely fortune, but perhaps not so lucky in love. Many of us understand now that no matter how hard you work or how brilliant ou might be, luck has far more to do with “success” than one might imagine.
真题来源：《英语世界》2017年09期
参考译文：
到中年，孤身一人，没有工作，也没有积蓄，和我的许多大学同学比起来，我是个彻头彻尾的失败者。
1980年代，我从一所精英大学毕业。与我同届毕业的约有1550人，其中有一位诺贝尔奖得主、一位普利策奖得主、一位世界银行高层、若干位大使、至少一位在任州长和若干位市长，我也知道以前的同班同学中现在担任大学校长、对冲基金经理、大学教授或者公司高管的大有人在。
成功人士如此之多!
与此同时，我们余下的同学默默无闻，远离公众视野，既不受私人银行家青睐，也不被狗仔队跟踪，知名慈善机构、豪宅经纪或者艺术品拍卖行更不会关注我们。
一个人毕业之后的成就，通常用所获学历、阶层等级、公司头衔、上杂志封面次数、社交媒体受欢迎度以及财富的多少来衡量。在精英大学的校友聚会上，只有知名校友的故事才能得到关注，大家在窃窃私语中交流着知名校友的辉煌事迹。在同学们的巨大成就面前，我们又怎能不感到自已是个失败者呢?
19世纪丹麦哲学家克尔凯郭尔在自己的故事《地里的百合与空中的飞鸟》中提出过同样的问题。故事中， 克尔凯郭尔描写了一只喜欢和百合说八卦的小鸟。这只鸟有个坏习惯，总爱“或真或假地叙说其他地方有大片更加绚丽多彩的百合花”。小鸟讲述的故事让百合十分困扰，因为与小鸟奇妙故事里那些更加绚丽的百合相比，它实在是太微不足道了，它甚至怀疑自己配不配叫作百合花。
在比较带来的痛苦之下，苦恼的人最终迷失了自己，甚至忘记了自己也是一个人。无比绝望中，他说服自己，他与别人不一样，他甚至怀疑自已还是不是真正意义上的“人”。 就好像百合觉得自己太渺小，以至于不知道究竟自己还能不能被称为百合花。
换句话说，怀疑自己不仅痛苦，任何不从内部价值评价成功的行为都是在动摇自己身份的根基。
我们中的大多数人都在忙着勉强度日。我们忙着应付日常生活的各种现实问题,日复一日，学着变通，偶尔也会坚持到底。我们可以用一次考试或者一项提案来比较自己的表现，但是把自己和别人相比来检验自己是不是成功人士，这不仅没意义，也很令人讨厌。
我们很多人获得的都不是显而易见的成功，获得财富成就的人大多是极其幸运的，但他们在感情上不- -定也有那么好的运气。现在，许多人终于明白，不管工作多么努力，有多么聪明，运气在“成功”中的作用远比想象中大。
英译汉
真题：
中国是一个有着五千多年悠久历史的文明古国。长期以来，中国人民以自己的勤劳智慧创造了灿烂的中华文明，为人类进步作出了重大贡献。北京就是一座有3000多年悠久历史的文明古城，800多年前北京开始建都。离人民大会堂不远的地方，就是举世闻名的故宫。故宫始建于600年前，是世界上现存最大最完整的古代宫殿建筑群。
从历史悠久的北京和建筑精美的故宫这些缩影中，人们就能够生动地感受到中华文明源远流长、博大精深的深厚底蕴，感受到中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进的壮阔历程。
19世纪中叶以后，由于列强的野蛮侵略和封建统治的腐败无能，中华民族陷入了丧权辱国、民不聊生的悲惨境地。面对内忧外患，中国人民不懈抗争，终于在中国共产党的领导下建立了新中国。
新中国建立以来，特别是1978年实行邓小平先生倡导的改革开放政策以来，中国发生了前所未有的深刻变革。从1978年到2004年的26年间，中国国内生产总值从1473亿美元增长到16494亿美元，年均增长9.4%；进出口总额从206亿美元增长到11548亿美元，年均增长超过了16%。中国的综合国力显著增强，人民生活不断改善。中国人民在继承和发扬古老文明的基础上创造了新的历史。
真题来源：胡锦涛在2005年北京《财富》全球论坛开幕式上的演讲
参考译文：
China is an ancient civilization with a history dating back over 5,000 years. The Chinese people have made a major contribution to human progress by creating the splendid Chinese civilization with hard work and ingenuity. The city of Beijing, with its long history of over 3,000 years, stands testimony to that effort. It became the nation's capital over 800 years ago. A short distance from the Great Hall of the People, where we are in right now, is the world-renowned Forbidden City. First built some 600 years ago, the former ImperialPalace is the largest and most complete existing ensemble of ancient royal architecture in the world.
From Beijing's time-honored past and the majestic Forbidden City itself, people can learn vividly the originality, greatness and profound richness of the Chinese civilization and feel for themselves the vigor,resilience and pioneering spirit of the Chinese nation.
Beginning in the mid-19th century, China was reduced to dire misery as the country suffered one humiliating defeat after another and the people languished in poverty and starvation as a result of brutal foreign aggressions and corrupt and incompetent feudal rulers. Refusing to submit to a fate of agony and woe, theChinese people fought back persistently and finally built up a New China under the leadership of the ChineseCommunist Party.
Since 1949, when the New China was proclaimed, and particularly since the implementation of reform and opening-up program pioneered by Mr. Deng Xiaoping in 1978, China has undergone a profound transformation never seen in the country before. In a short span of 26 years from 1978 to 2004, China's GDP increased from 147.3 billion US dollars to l .6494 trillion US dollars with an average annual growth rate of 9.4percent. Its foreign trade rose from 20. 6 billion US dollars to 1.1548 trillion US dollars, averaging an annual growth rate of over 16 percent. China's foreign exchange reserve increased from 167 million US dollars to 609.9 billion US dollars. The number of rural poor has dwindled from some 250 million to 26 million. The overall national strength of China has increased remarkably and the texture of life of its people improved steadily. While inheriting and carrying forward their proud past, the 1.3 billion Chinese people are writing anew chapter in history as they march of one mind on the road of building socialism with Chinese characteristics.
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